[Springboot] RabbitMQ 적용하기

 

 

 

1. 의존성 추가

// build.gradle
implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-amqp'

 

2. application.properties 

// application.properties

# RabbitMQ
spring.rabbitmq.host=localhost
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest

spring.rabbitmq.queue.name=queue
spring.rabbitmq.exchange.name=exchange
spring.rabbitmq.routing.key=routingkey

 

 

3. configuration 파일 작성

package com.douzone.projecttemplate.config;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.DirectExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.Jackson2JsonMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.MessageConverter;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@Slf4j
public class RabbitMQConfig {

    /* MQTT 서버 정보 설정*/
    @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.host}")
    private String rabbitmqHost;

    @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.port}")
    private int rabbitmqPort;

    @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.username}")
    private String rabbitmqUsername;

    @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.password}")
    private String rabbitmqPassword;

    /* RabbitMQ 큐, 익스체인지, 라우팅 키 설정 */
    @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.queue.name}")
    private String queueName;

    @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.exchange.name}")
    private String exchangeName;

    @Value("${spring.rabbitmq.routing.key}")
    private String routingKey;


    /* Queue: Consumer 가 메시지를 소비하기 전 메시지 보관소 */
    @Bean
    public Queue queue() {
        return new Queue(queueName);
    }

    /* Exchange: Producer 로부터 전달받은 메시지를 어떤 Queue 로 전달할지 결정하는 장소 */
    @Bean
    public DirectExchange exchange() {
        return new DirectExchange(exchangeName);
    }

    /* Binding: Queue 와 Exchange 관계 정의 */
    @Bean
    public Binding binding(Queue queue, DirectExchange exchange) {
        return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with(routingKey);
    }

    /* RabbitMQ 연결 설정 */
    @Bean
    public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
        CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory();
        connectionFactory.setHost(rabbitmqHost);
        connectionFactory.setPort(rabbitmqPort);
        connectionFactory.setUsername(rabbitmqUsername);
        connectionFactory.setPassword(rabbitmqPassword);
        return connectionFactory;
    }


    /* 연결 설정으로 연결 후 실제 작업을 위한 RabbitTemplate */
    @Bean
    public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory);
        // JSON 형식의 메시지를 직렬화하고 역직렬할 수 있도록 설정
        rabbitTemplate.setMessageConverter(jackson2JsonMessageConverter());
        return rabbitTemplate;
    }

    /* 메시지를 JSON 기반으로 변환하는 메시지 컨버터 */
    @Bean
    public MessageConverter jackson2JsonMessageConverter() {
        return new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
    }


}

 

4. 메시지 발행하기

// service layer에 구현

 /* RabbitMQ publish */
    public void sendMessages(String routingKey, Object message) {
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(finManagerExchange, routingKey, message);
        log.info("RabbitMQ 메시지 발행 성공! routingKey: {}, message: {}", routingKey, message);
    }

 

5. 메시지 구독하기

    /* RabbitMQ consumer */
    @RabbitListener(queues = "queue이름")
    public void receiveMessage(String message) {
        log.info("Received message: {}", message);
    }